Energy Saving Programmable Thermostat

A Energy saver programmable thermostat is a thermostat which is designed to adjust the temperature according to a series of programmed settings that take effect at different times of the day. Programmable thermostats may also be called setback thermostats or clock thermostats.

Heating and cooling losses from a building become greater as the difference in temperature increases. A programmable thermostat allows reduction of these losses by allowing the temperature difference to be reduced at times when the reduced amount of heating or cooling would not be objectionable.

For example, during cooling season, a programmable thermostat used in a home may be set to allow the temperature in the house to rise during the workday when no one will be at home. It may then be set to turn on the air conditioning before the arrival of occupants, allowing the house to be cool upon the arrival of the occupants while still having saved air conditioning energy during the peak outdoor temperatures. The reduced cooling required during the day also decreases the demands placed upon the electrical supply grid.

Similarly, the same logic applies in the common areas of the building. After a proper occupancy study the duty schedule of the equipment can be adjusted in such a way that there is minimum energy consumption.

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CONTROLS IN HVAC AND ITS IMPORTANCE.

A  HVAC control system applies regulation to a heating and/or air conditioning system. Usually a sensing device is used to compare the actual state (e.g., temperature) with a target state. Then the control system draws a conclusion what action has to be taken (e.g., start the blower, open the control valve etc).

The capacity of the HVAC system is typically designed for the extreme conditions. Most operation is part load/off design as variables such as solar loads, occupancy, ambient temperatures, equipment & lighting loads etc keep on changing throughout the day. Deviation from design shall result in drastic swings or imbalance since design capacity is greater than the actual load in most operating scenarios. Without control system, the system will become unstable and would overheat or overcool spaces.

What Parameters are controlled?

A proper environment is described with four variables: temperature, humidity, pressure and ventilation.

Direct digital control (DDC Panels) : is the automated control of a condition or process by a digital device (computer). Central controllers and most terminal unit controllers are programmable, meaning the direct digital control program code may be customized for the intended use. The program features include time schedules, set points, controllers, logic, timers, trend logs, and alarms. The unit controllers typically have analog and digital inputs, that allow measurement of the variable (temperature, humidity, or pressure) and analog and digital outputs for control of the medium (hot/cold water and/or steam etc). Digital outputs are typically relay contacts used to start and stop equipment, and analog outputs are typically voltage or current signals to control the movement of the medium (air/water/steam) control devices. Usually abbreviated as "DDC".

These systems controlled by a central computer are called BMS (Building Management systems) which are normally complex & comparatively costly to be installed moreover these also need to be programmed.Also,it is difficult in pulling cables & wires in a fully operational buildings.

Hence, for projects with lower or no budgets for these costly BMS systems or operational building we recommend these special type of Energy saving Thermostat which can be programmed as per your time schedule. These thermostats can be programmed for daily, weekly, monthly & yearly schedules for running the equipment.

Once the programming/scheduling on the thermostat is done you can also calculate the payback in terms of actual Dollars saved & your energy saved in terms if KWH/BTU at actually & hence your monthly ,annually savings against that.

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Await my further post for Energy savings on Chilled water Pumps.

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Energy Management 

Energy-efficiency concerns remain a top priority for institutional and commercial organizations. Managers are ramping up their efforts to find savings related to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, including chillers, boilers, and air-handling components and lighting. Among the proven strategies at managers’ disposal for achieving cost savings is through Energy Management.

Determining the Scope

Energy Management is a process intended to systematically identify the most wasteful inefficiencies. After a building is constructed and occupied, it is common for energy use and costs to increase as the building ages. This happens sooner for some facilities than others, depending on the original design, quality of construction, attentiveness to the test and balance process, original commissioning efforts, and level of maintenance.

An energy management system (EMS) controls how energy is consumed in a building and how building equipment operates.

EMSs may vary widely in sophistication, ranging from simple digital thermostats to systems comprised of multiple, networked controllers that can be programmed to provide any imaginable Energy-saving sequence.

Energy Audit

Energy audit is an effective energy management tool. Energy audits are primarily

based on the analysis of the data collected from the equipment. By identifying and implementing the means to achieve energy efficiency and conservation, not only can energy saving be achieved but also equipment/system service life also can be extended. All these means “SAVING OF MONEY”.

 Energy Audit Process

The process of energy audit involves the following steps;

1. Defining scope of Audit: Recognizing the extend of support from the building management the scope of work for energy management is taken in to account such as the areas/systems to be audited. Level of sophistication for audit etc.

2. Collecting Building Information: All relevant technical information related to the building equipment, services, structure etc is taken in to account for conducting energy audit.

3. Conducting site Inspections and measurement: A site inspection is conducted and all the strategic measuring points are taken in to consideration for various systems and equipments, structure etc.

4. Analyzing data collected: All the collected information is analyzed and recommendations are derived based on the data analysis for achieving the potential energy saving.

Energy Management opportunities 

Once the collected data is analyzed after a in depth study and calculations on all the detailed building systems and services energy management opportunities are identified and a report is generated for the client which consist of recommendations for improving the services/equipment performance. The report also consist of estimated cost for the recommendations to be implemented and period for return on investment is also provided.